  How is employment spatial distribution calculated? The map below shows the Middle Super Output Areas (MSOAs) with over 100 people in employment in the identified sector for 2021. The key sectors presented here are representative of some of the key sectors within the North East and include: Advanced Manufacturing, Digital technologies, Energy, Health and life sciences, Knowledge intensive business services, and the Visitor economy. Spatial Distribution of Key Employment Sectors Most of the key employment clusters are centred on the more urban local authorities (LAs) of Sunderland, Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, and North and South Tyneside. The one exception is the Health and life sciences sector which has key employment sites in County Durham. All of the LAs do however have at least one cluster in each of the key sectors identified here. The Advanced Manufacturing sector has large employment sites in the urban LAs listed above as well as some large sites in County Durham. This pattern is repeated in the Business Services sector. The Digital tech and Energy sectors are almost entirely focused within the urban LAs; although County Durham has some key clusters in the Energy Sector running along its southern border. The Visitor economy sector is more spread out with some key employment sites in Northumberland and County Durham: from Berwick to Newton Aycliffe and Barnard Castle. The Visitor economy employed the largest proportion of people in three LAs: County Durham, Northumberland and South Tyneside. Sunderland was the only LA which had the highest proportion of people working in the Advanced manufacturing sector. The Knowledge intensive business services sector employed the highest proportion of people in Gateshead, Newcastle upon Tyne and North Tyneside. The fewest proportion of people were employed in the Health and life sciences sector across all LAs.
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